Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy Is A Mental Illness And Form...

Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a mental illness and form of child abuse that claims the lives of 9% of its victims (Heffner, 2004). It is defined as, â€Å"a psychological disorder in which a parent, typically a mother, harms her child (as by poisoning), falsifies the child s medical history, or tampers with the child s medical specimens in order to create a situation that requires or seems to require medical attention† (Merriam-Webster, 1977). In most cases, the mother is the abuser and plagues the life of her child and/or children by making them ill in order to receive attention, affection, and love. They thrive on feeling important and needed, and feel accomplished when they succeed in making their child/children ill (Meadow, 1989). Munchausen syndrome by proxy was first recognized as such in 1977. The term â€Å"Munchausen† received its name from a fictional character, Baron Munchausen, who was loosely based on the real-life Munchausen who became somewhat of a c elebrity for telling tall tales about his life as a soldier, hunter, and sportsman. The real Baron, Hieronymus Karl Friedrich von Mà ¼nchhausen, received the nickname â€Å"The Baron of Lies† which inspired the name of the fictional character (Munchausen, 2015). Munchausen syndrome by proxy is closely related to Munchausen syndrome, in which an adult fabricates and exaggerates stories about themselves in order to be recognized as ill or in pain; However, in a case of Munchausen syndrome by proxy, the mother isShow MoreRelatedMy Search For A Mental Illness I Came Upon Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy1490 Words   |  6 Pages In my search for a mental illness I came upon Munchausen Syndrome by proxy which is a stem from regular Munchausen Syndrome. This mental illness was deep and caught my interest by the complexity of the disease and that cases that have been studied. The horrific cases of said mental illness caught my eye and I knew instantly I had to explore in depth the condition. The love between a mother and her children is an unbreakable bond, until Munchausen Syndrome by proxy takes a role in the relationshipRead MoreEssay Taking a Closer Look at Mà ¼nchausen Syndrome1026 Words   |  5 Pages Mà ¼nchausen syndrome is a psychiatric disorder that is distinguished by the patient causing or faking physical or psychological ailments for the sole purpose of being admitted to the hospital. A psychiatric consult nurse sees about one or two Mà ¼nchausen cases a month (Interview with John Hauber, RN). Out of the entire United States population, only half to two percent of people have the disorder (med icinenet.com), but the number is probably higher than that because the statistic shown only representsRead MoreEssay on Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Sick Kid or Sick Parent?(4)1262 Words   |  6 PagesMunchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Sick Kid or Sick Parent?(4) In relating the details of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP), the initial reaction is usually shock, followed quickly by fascination. The reason for the latter is that the medical community has yet to make up their minds about what exactly MSBP is. The debate: psychiatric disorder v. child abuse. Essentially the arguments for both create a divide between the brain and behavior, though not relating the two. Munchausen Syndrome isRead MoreHistory Of Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy2014 Words   |  9 PagesHistory of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy The term Munchausen Syndrome by proxy was named in 1951 by Asher after a well-known German Baron story teller (Campbell V, McDougall, Justice G., 2015). Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy was defined as an acute illness which is supported by dramatic and plausible history by Asher (Campbell V, McDougall, Justice G., 2015). Asher characterized Munchausen Syndrome’s condition as an intense desire to deceive people as much as they can in order to be the center of attentionRead MoreA Brief Note On The Medical Child Abuse1929 Words   |  8 Pages Munchhausen by Proxy Medical child abuse Denise Eversole Lord Fairfax Community College Abstract Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome (MBPS) is a disorder of which should bring awareness to the medical field. It is not well understood and brings a lot of controversy. This disorder is when a parent, usually the mother, who purposely causes illness to her child rather physically or emotionally. The disorder was named after Baron von Munchausen, from the 18th century who gainedRead MoreMunchausen Syndrome : A Mental Illness Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pages Munchausen syndrome, also referred to as factitious disorder, is a mental condition in which sufferers cause or pretend to have physical or psychological symptoms that are not actually occurring. Munchausen syndrome is considered to be a mental illness because it is associated with severe emotional difficulties that are present with the illness. Due to the fact that there are no reliable statistics regarding the number of people in the United States who suffer from Munchausen syndrome, it is consideredRead MoreI.Primary Diagnosis—Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy. I Propose1596 Words   |  7 PagesI. Primary Diagnosis—Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy I propose Donna Roberts be diagnosed with Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSP). The criteria for MSP, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM-5), include: falsification of â€Å"psychological or physical signs or symptoms or causing injury or disease in another person with the intention to deceive, presenting another person to others as sick, injured, or having problems functioning, and continuation of deception evenRead MoreWhy The Criminal Justice System Works Will Only Make Me A Better Victim Advocate2394 Words   |  10 Pagesbehaviors such as abuse are directly related to events in a person’s life, these memories will manifest into behaviors. Verbal abuse is one of the easiest and common forms of abuse that stem from the environment. Whether a person consciously remembers these abuses is not always significant but it has a large impact on the behaviors of a person. I have executed an assignment on verbal abuse, and what I have learned is that memory can be tricky. A victim may not always want to recall the abuse and thus recallsRead MoreChild Maltreatment And Child Abuse Essay1878 Words   |  8 Pages Child maltreatment or child abuse is defined as any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent of caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitations; or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk or serious harm (Department of Health and Human Services, 2006). The definition of child abuse and neglect varies depending on the state and it is based on standards set by federal law. This review will focus on how big this issueRead MoreMunchhausen s Syndrome By Proxy2002 Words   |  9 PagesMunchhausen’s Syndrome by Proxy Six year old Eric is continuously brought to a local clinic by his mother Monica for treatment of abdominal cramps or according to the mother, appendicitis. Eric is the only son and lives with his mother. With each appointment, Eric symptoms become more progressive, resulting in his hospitalization. As his length of stay increases, Eric’s doctor, Dr. Spencer begins to suspect that something is wrong and suspects Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy, however, none of the

Democracy in the Middle East Essay - 1416 Words

Over the last century, the Middle East has been the location of ethnic rivalry, political and economic instability, religious conflict, territorial dispute and war. Much of this tension in the Middle East comes from the various interpretations of Islam and how the religion should be applied to politics and society. Over the last ten years, the United States and their allies have pushed to promote democracy in the Middle East. However, they too have many obstacles they must overcome. They face problems such as the compatibility of Islamic law and democracy, the issue of women’s rights, and there is always the problem of how to go about implementing a democratic reform in these countries. Many initially would assume that it is only the†¦show more content†¦By the end of 2005 Freedom House had recorded strong improvements in the political and civil rights of countries like Jordan, Morocco, Egypt, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. Over a year later, the democratic prospects in the Middle East did not look as prosperous as before. Struggles between the regimes, the United States, and Europe started to diminish the democratic reform. People in the Middle East wanted a change because what they had before did not serve for their best interests. Elections began in many of these Middle Eastern nations like Palestine where Hammas won, in Lebanon where Hezbollah won, in Iraq where the Islamists got the majority, and in Egypt where many members of the Muslim Brotherhood won seats in parliament. Although the electoral process began in some of these Middle Eastern states, it was not the greatest thing in the world since people were not voting based off the political platforms on which these parties stand on but rather the personalities of the leaders. There was also a lot of corruption in these elections that swayed votes to these Islamist parties. The Bush administration was hoping that Iraq would set an example that could influence the rest of the region to democratize. Instead, Islamist parties were the ones to win the elections, violence started to increase in the region, and countries surrounding Iraq now used them as an example of why democratizing is not a good option. Leaders had turned the terrible situation in Iraq as an excuseShow MoreRelatedA Democracy Of The Middle East1304 Words   |  6 PagesVarious forms of democracy have been around since Ancient Greece and Rome. Over the years citizens have revolted against monarchies, dictatorships, and oligarchies in favor of democracies and republics. It is rare to come upon a country in which the citizens overthrew a democratic government in favor of anything else. This suggests that a democracy is the ideal form of government that citizens will continue to revolt until they reach. Francis Fukuyama agrees when he asserts that capitalist, liberalRead MoreDemocracy in The Middle East Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesThe imposing of liberal democracy into foreign states and in particular into the Middle East would not necessarily create peace due to their cultural and geographical context. From a westernised perspective we may heavily associate the nature of democracy with peace but the history of international relations and theory has continue to show that this is definitely not the case. The Democratic Peace Theory itself contains weakness and vulnerabilities due to its reliance on ‘casual logic’ (Layne 1994Read MoreThe Potential Effects Of Democracy On The Middle East1971 Words   |  8 Pages The Potential Effects of Democracy in the Middle East Democracy has often been affiliated with reflective notions such as freedom and liberty, as well as the belief that people deserve a voice to represent their demands and the majority of a population should have its way. The first idea of democracy promotion started with Wilsonian ideas, the democratic peace theorem, and the long-term security interests of all democracies (Huber, 2008). It is often regarded as an abstract concept with varyingRead MoreThe Debate For Democracy During The Middle East1013 Words   |  5 PagesIn the debate for democracy in the middle east, many scholars suggest that Islamists are the main obstacle to overcome. By the last decade, Islamist parties and candidates have engaged in elections throughout in about eight Arab countries with almost modest results. Thus, Islamist may have a heavy degree of support among most of the consitunets who agree with anti-regime sentiments. At the same time, ruling elites also give overwhelming support to maintain security and other privileges. There areRead MoreWestern Democracies And The Middle East And North Africa1923 Words   |  8 Pagessuccessful democracies and dictatorships (especially in regards to the Middle East and the North Africa region), as well as examples of those that are failing, particularly in an economic sense. Whilst it is indeed argued that the introduction of democracy to many of the Middle Eastern countries may indeed encourage economic development, there are also many arguments as to the benefits that non-democratic countries can achieve in the same field. The example of the strength of Western democracies, whilstRead More The Arab-Israeli Conflict: Protecting Democracy in the Middle East3988 Words   |  16 Pagestimes,† he says. What has brought Benjamin Netanyahu to the head of government in Israel is the need to bring peace, to bring about an end to violence, and to erase the misdeeds of the past and renew the spirit of cooperation and harmony in the Middle E ast. It is a task of mammoth proportions, rife with possibilities for failure, but one which is the responsibility of any government that is to be taken seriously by the international community to undertake. The peace that Israel seeks is often hamperedRead MoreSecretary Of State Condoleezza Rice1097 Words   |  5 PagesIn June of 2005, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice went up to 600 people at the American University in Cairo and delivered a very powerful speech on the advancement of democracy in the Middle East. â€Å"For 60 years, my country, the United States, pursued stability at the expense of democracy in this region here in the Middle East, and we achieved neither, she declared, â€Å"Now we are taking a different course. We are supporting the democratic aspirations of all people.† Her speech was seen as an attackRead MoreOil And Natural Gas : A Source Of Strategic Power956 Words   |  4 PagesOil and Democracy in Middle East Fossil energy (i.e. coal, oil and natural gas) is generally considered as a main force that drives innovation of new technology and highly developed economy around the world from industrial revolution. It is also the â€Å"lifeblood† of the global economy and takes up 80% of world’s net primary energy supply. However, due to the huge exposure of oil reserves in Persian Gulf after World War I, geopolitical struggles and potential conflicts surrounding fossil energyRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of the Arab Springs823 Words   |  3 Pagesyou ever been to the Middle East? Well, if you havent, you sure are missing out on a lot. There is one thing for sure, you are missing out on those Arab Springs. Yes, I said it, Arab Springs, which are getting into a big issue. Arab Springs is a series of anti-government protests, uprisings and armed rebellions that spread across the Middle East in early 2011. The people in the Middle East are uprising their rulers’ choices of their decisions and hoping to have a democracy. There were many countriesRead MoreThe United States Should Promote Democracy998 Words   |  4 PagesI affirm Resolved: The United States ought to promote democracy in the Middle East Democracy is a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, and is one with representative institutions and a rule of law. Observation 1: when we talk about promoting democracy, there are many ways to carry out this promotion. The United States is not obligated to take one course of action. Rather, the US can alter and adjust its approach to what is most suitable for that

Orwell’s Shooting an Elephant Free Essays

George Orwell’s Shooting an Elephant George Orwell writes of his experience in British-ruled India in the early twentieth century as a sub-divisional police officer in the sovereign Southeast Asia state of Burma. His essay presents a powerful theme of inner conflict. Orwell’s strong inner conflict lies between what he believes as a human being and what he should do as an imperial police officer. We will write a custom essay sample on Orwell’s Shooting an Elephant or any similar topic only for you Order Now Orwell immediately claims his perspective on British imperialism saying that it is evil and that he is fully against the British oppressors, even though he himself is a symbol of foreign oppression to the Burmese. His conflict ultimately results from the fact that he hates the British Empire, which should make him pity the Burmese people, but he does not. This is made clear when he says: â€Å"All I knew that I was stuck between my hatred of the empire I served and my rage against the evil-spirited beasts who tried to make my job impossible† (Orwell 1). In his story Orwell writes not only about his personal experience with the â€Å"wild† elephant but how the elephant’s rampaging spree is a metaphor exhibiting the destructive power of imperialism; the elephant destroys homes and even kills a man. Orwell’s hostile feelings toward the British, imperialism, and the Burmese people are further revealed when sets the mood of the story by illustrating the setting in Burma to be a â€Å"cloudy, stuffy morning at the beginning of the rains† (Orwell 2). Orwell then establishes himself as a â€Å"weak† character when he introduces the Burma people and how they completely disrespect the British officer by constantly laughing and mocking him. When Orwell finally finds the elephant, he admits that, â€Å"I knew with perfect certainty that I ought not to shoot him†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ nd that he â€Å"did not want to shoot the elephant† (Orwell 2). He ultimately falls into the expectations of the Burmese when he decides to shoot the elephant, despite the many reasons not to shoot it such as how it is worth more alive rather than dead. When he kills the elephant he goes against his will and moral belief, and Orwell uses the death of the elephant as another metaphor of B ritish imperialism in Burma. The elephant is a symbol of Burma and its struggle to remain alive after three Anglo-Burmese wars starting in 1824 between the British oppressors and the Burmese. Even after a third shot, the elephant survives, symbolizing how the Burmese are still alive but with less power, strength and hope than before the wars. Even though Orwell tries to justify his killing the elephant by stating, â€Å"legally I did the right thing, a mad elephant has to be killed,† he knows that the elephant could have been saved without unnecessary harm and this exemplifies the final collapse of his morals (Orwell 4). As the story develops, it becomes progressively evident that the natives have control over the white man who is supposed to be in power. Orwell realizes that as the symbol of British oppression, he is actually the victim of the Burmese, and it is their expectations of how he should use his power that force him to do what they want. As I mentioned earlier, Orwell makes many comparisons throughout the story that demonstrate his weakness in character; he equates himself to a puppet being controlled with the Burman crowd behind him as the audience, as well as how he feels forced to wear a mask constantly and play the role of a white man. Orwell does a great job at shedding light on the fact that humans can be influenced so easily as well as how the influences of imperialism produce harmful effects on both the victims and oppressors. Orwell is supposed to be the higher power as an imperial police officer but because he is subjected to the evils of imperialism he becomes the victim. Orwell leaves readers with a powerful ending implication that human beings will do almost anything and act in unimaginable ways just to â€Å"avoid looking a fool† (Orwell 4). It is my opinion that Orwell’s essay succeeds in conveying its message because it combines personal experience and political opinion into a smooth reading story. Source Orwell, George. â€Å"George Orwell: ‘Shooting an Elephant'† George Orwell’s Library. New Writing. –GB, London. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. http://orwell. ru/library/articles/elephant/english/e_eleph How to cite Orwell’s Shooting an Elephant, Essay examples

Impact of Union Within the GMFC Corporate - Click For Solution

Question: Describe about the Essay for Impact of Union Within the GMFC Corporate. Answer: Introduction Labor relation and the concept of unionization are two important aspects for the development of the organization. Labor is the most crucial part of the organization, which guarantees the improvisation of organizational objectives. This report is providing the impact of Unionization in GMFC Corporate. GMFC Corporate is facing many problems due to various labor issues within their company. The organization has decided to develop a strategic HR plan for preventing this unionization of the manufacturing plants. GMFC Corporate is situated in Smalls Ville, KY. The organization has the intention to build up a nonunion plant with 400 employees within it. The strategic plan is comprised of the following issues: staffing of employees in nonunion manner, establishment of wage and nonwage policies for the nonunion line employees and the recommendations for the other nonunion and other employee relation initiatives. Strategic HR plans for plant management Staffing of the non-line employees The staffing of the HR professionals is considered as the top critical function within the role of Human Resource Management. The labor issues rose within the organization due to lack of recruitment programs and skilled staffs within the organization. Therefore, GMFC Corporate takes the decisions of staffing of non-line employees. The major benefits from nonunion companies are the low cost involved in pay and benefits. Therefore, the GMFC Corporation is wishing to establish their new branch free from union (Bryson et al., 2013). The first step for establishing this kind of system is to design a staffing system where there will be no union. These would require the following steps to be introduced by the organization within it: A caring attitude towards the employees: There are so many giant companies those who focus on the behavior of the organization towards their employees (Bamberger et al., 2014). The GMFC Corporate should establish some loyalty program for their employees to maintain a good bonding with them. It is the responsibility of the top management of the GMFC Corporate to add innovative programs and events, which will motivate their employees and make them, realize that they are equally important and valuable for their company as their top management team (Cristiani Peir, 2015). These aspects will not only satisfy all the needs of their employees but also it will make them feel comfortable within the organization. Considered surroundings: There are several situational factors, which are important for developing an effective personnel program. This will be providing the encouraging climate to the employees of the organization (Bryson et al., 2013). These factors involves sensitive work culture, emotional bonding among each other of the employees and plant structure etc. GMFC should consider two main factors for establishing their nonunion branch in Smalls Ville: area of the plant, careful attitude towards the traditionally union work (Dobbins Dundon, 2014). If the place selected for the new branch provides influences for the labor union practices then it will help the growth of the labor union. On the other hand, GMFC Corporate should put more focus on their sensitive work culture. This idea is to bring the organizing drive less likely. If the employees of the GMFC corporate work sensitively within the organization then need for the union will be demolished automatically, as the employees will be busy with their work and the management will be providing them facilities according to their work (Kaufman, 2013). Employment security: Most of the organizations like to reduce their number of workers for the security reasons about their future employment. GMFC Corporate should also focus on this part. In this aspect the company should their employees important facilities according to their needs. The satisfaction of the employees leads to the comfortable climate within the organization (Kaufman, 2014). The worker will feel more secure within the organization and will not leave the organization for any reason. Employee dissatisfaction is another reason for the growth of the union within the organization. So, this aspect will help the entrepreneurs for building up a union free branch. Figure 1: Staffing of the non-line employees (Source: McCarthy, 2014, pp- 300) Establishment of the wage and nonwage policies for the nonunion line employees The labors are facing the problems regarding improper distribution of wages. They are receiving low wages and even they are not receiving the wages on time. Therefore, GMFC Corporate takes the strategic HR plan to implement new wages and non-wage policies within their business (Cristiani Peiro, 2015). There are several wage and nonwage policies for developing the nonunion line employees. These policies are individually discussed as follows: Wage policies Salary and career growth opportunities: This policy can provide the employee rewards for their dedication in their work field. If the GMFC Corporation provides the monetary rewards to their employees, not only the dedication of the employee will increase but also the chances of formation of union will be reduced (LeRoy, 2014). Next the career growth opportunities are most of the time attractive to the employees, as everyone wants to develop themselves within a specific time span. In-range salary increase: This perspective is utilized to make the employee more responsible in his work field (McCarthy, 2014). The increased salary not only assures the employee a bright future but also it ensures his increased responsibility towards GMFC Corporate. Annual performance and salary review: Staff members of the organization are allowed to have merit increase annually (Bryson et al., 2013). The increase of the salary of the member is dependent on the previous year performance of the employee accordingly with the tough situations within GMFC Corporate (McCarthy 2014). This aspect also makes the employees more responsible towards their work. Impartiality and Market based salary adjustments: It is the duty of the management to adjust the inequality of distribution of the salary within every department (Bamberger et al., 2014). The equity should be maintained within each department of the GMFC Corporate to have satisfied employees within the organization. Figure 2: Wage policies (Source: LeRoy, 2014, pp- 33) Nonwage policies The nonwage policies are described as follows: Developmental increase: Developmental increase is considered for the developmental perspective of those employees, who are continuously improving themselves in their work field. GMFC Corporate should recognize the employees who are giving their best effort to their company and provide them rewards (Rauch Hatak, 2016). Promotional increase: GMFC Corporate can reduce the union formation within the organization by utilizing promotional increase for the employees (Dobbins Dundon, 2014). There may be two types of promotional events available within the organization: promotion based on the market and the promotion based on the contribution level of the employees. Incentive programs: GMFC Corporate can increase dedication of the employees by introducing the incentive programs among the employees (Roche Teague, 2014). This aspect will make the employee ready to do extra amount of work for their organization, which in terms increase the capability of the organization. Performance appraisal: GMFC Corporate needs to develop their structure for performance appraisal of their employees. The employees find their personal benefit in this policy, which make them more responsible at their work (Tuckman Snook, 2014). This aspect kept he head more effective towards their subordinates and the subordinates are also become focused in their work. Figure 3: Nonwage Policies (Source: Rauch Hatak, 2016, pp- 500) Recommendations of other nonunion, preventative, and other employee relation initiatives The recommendations for the other employee relation initiatives are as follows: Proper training: The supervisory management should be reminded of the providence for training to their employees in repetitive manner. The GMFC Corporate should train and provide proper education to their managers who will guide their employee according to the needs of the organization and demands of their customers. This aspect will create a union free atmosphere as there will be no unsatisfied demands of the employees with GMFC Corporate. Union prevention can be done only by the good management efforts. Employees only get their benefits from the trained higher authority. This trained higher authority provides the employees proper guidance to do their job properly. Review and adjust policy: There are several aspects which should be handled by the organizational head. GMFC Corporate should establish a system with proper organizational heads, which will recognize the situations and policies that must be renewed and revised by time to time. These policies needed to be renewed by each year or in a monthly basis as the needs are changed accordingly the organizational demands or customer demands. Compensations and benefits; Compensations and benefits are very essential for the development of the organizational culture. These aspects encourage the employees to find more interest in the job field. Unaddressed employee accusations are the main cause behind the union formation within the organization. GMFC should put ore focus in this aspect to prevent this kind of influences within the organization. Maintenance of destructive argument resolution system: Most of the time the campaigns related to the prevention of union formation within the organization utilizes the resolution systems for preventing destructive argument. Survey of employees: The employees of GMFC Corporate should respond to the yearly survey for making the authority understand about their conditions and problems they are facing within the organization. This aspect will prevent the formation of union. Recruitment of skillful organizational head: Skillful organizational heads can supply proper skills and guidance to the employees of the GMFC Corporate. Understandings of the labor laws are very important as these reflect their influences on the issue of union formation. Supervisory guidelines are important for the development of the organization. Conclusion This report is explaining the impact of union within the GMFC Corporate. The strategic plan for establishing nonunion environment within the organization is described with the recommendations for improving the situations of the employees with GMFC Corporate. Several implications of the non-union set up within the organization are discussed with their affect in GMFC Corporate. There are nonwage and wage policies which are discussed for utilizing the nonunion facilities within the organization. References Bamberger, P. A., Biron, M., Meshoulam, I. (2014).Human resource strategy: Formulation, implementation, and impact. Routledge. Bryson, A., Willman, P., Gomez, R., Kretschmer, T. (2013). The Comparative Advantage of Non Union Voice in Britain, 19802004.Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society,52(s1), 194-220. Cristiani, A., Peir, J. M. (2015). Human resource function strategic role and trade unions: exploring their impact on human resource management practices in Uruguayan firms.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,26(3), 381-400. Dobbins, T., Dundon, T. (2014). 21 Non-union employee representation.Handbook of Research on Employee Voice: Elgar original reference, 342. Kaufman, B. E. (2013). Keeping the commitment model in the air during turbulent times: employee involvement at Delta Air Lines.Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society,52(s1), 343-377. Kaufman, B. E. (2014). 18. The origins, evolution, and current status of human resource management in the United States.The Development of Human Resource Management Across Nations: Unity and Diversity, 461. LeRoy, M. H. (2014). 13 What Do NLRB Cases Reveal about Non-Union Employee Representation Groups?.Voice and Involvement at Work: Experience with Non-Union Representation,33, 366. McCarthy, M. A. (2014). Turning Labor into Capital: Pension Funds and the Corporate Control of Finance.Politics Society, 0032329214547351. McCarthy, M. J. (2014). Neoliberalism without neoliberals: Evidence from the rise of 401 (k) retirement plans.MPIfG Discussion Papers, pp-100-400. Rauch, A., Hatak, I. (2016). A meta-analysis of different HR-enhancing practices and performance of small and medium sized firms.Journal of business venturing,31(5), 485-504. Roche, W. K., Teague, P. (2014). Successful but unappealing: Fifteen years of workplace partnership in Ireland.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(6), 781-794. Tuckman, A., Snook, J. (2014). Between consultation and collective bargaining? The changing role of non union employee representatives: a case study from the finance sector.Industrial Relations Journal,45(1), 77-97.